[align=center]Reading

Coffee - reading passage level 1

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world. You can find coffee shops on almost every corner of large cities in Canada. Many people like coffee in the morning because it helps them wake up. Coffee has caffeine in it. Caffeine gives people more energy.

Coffee comes from the seeds of a coffee plant. These seeds are called beans. The coffee beans are roasted and ground to make coffee. Coffee plants grow in hot places. They need a lot of sun and a lot of rain.

When people first discovered the coffee plant, they did not use the plant to make a drink--they ate parts of it! They chewed the berries of the plant when they travelled to give them energy. Some people even used the leaves from the coffee plant to make wine.

Later, people started to find new ways to use coffee. They roasted and ground the beans. Then they put the beans in hot water to make a drink. The drink first became popular in Egypt and Turkey. Later, it became popular in Europe.

Each country has its own way of drinking coffee. In North America, people add cream and sugar. In France, people put hot milk in their coffee. Europeans drink strong black coffee, and Italians like to add cinnamon or chocolate. Irish coffee is the strongest coffee. It has whiskey in it!
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وهذي قطعة الاكسندر وللامانه منقوله من الموقع وانا جتني بالضبط زي كذا

Alexander Fleming was born in Ayrshire on 6 August 1881, the son of a farmer. He moved to London at the age of 13 and later trained as a doctor. He qualified with distinction in 1906 and began research at St Mary's HospitalMedical School at the Universityof London under Sir Almroth Wright, a pioneer in vaccine therapy. In World War One Fleming served in the Army Medical Corps and was mentioned in dispatches. After the war, he returned to St Mary's.

In 1928, while studying influenza, Fleming noticed that mould had developed accidentally on a set of culture dishes being used to grow the staphylococci germ. The mould had created a bacteria-free circle around itself. Fleming experimented further and named the active substance penicillin. It was two other scientists however, Australian Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, a refugee from Nazi Germany, who developed penicillin further so that it could be produced as a drug. At first supplies of penicillin were very limited, but by the 1940s it was being mass-produced by the American ***** industry.

Fleming wrote numerous papers on bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy. He was elected professor of the medical school in 1928 and emeritus professor of bacteriology at the University of London in 1948. He was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1943 and knighted in 1944. In 1945 Fleming, Florey and Chain shared the Nobel Prize in Medicine. Fleming died on 11 March 1955.
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Q- How is penicillin different from Pencillium notatum ?
A-penicillin is separated from penicillium notatum .
Q- why wasn't pencillin gevin to people to save their lives as soon as it was produced ?
A-it's effects were changeable .
Q- In world war , why did most wounded men die ?
A-The wounds let bacteria enter their bodies .
Q-That vaccine..
A-can stop people from getting acertin disease .
Q-Why didn't felming enter medical school until he was 21 years ?
A-he had to work to earn money .
Q-that germs are ..
A-bacteria which cause diseases
Q-why did Fleming grow germs ?
A-to study them .
Q-how many years passed between the discovery of pencillin and use it ?
A-Twelve
Q-to advanteges of pencillin are mention ..one of the advantage is …
A-it's comes from a very common moulds
Q-Anatomy refers to ..
A-Body structure
Q-The word Fundamentalmeans ..
A-Basic
Q-an insect's legs and wings are …
A-between its head and it's abdomen
Q - Bears mean ….
A-hold
Q-…an organism that has….
A-has a very large thorax
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